Effect of sphenoid sinus volume and pneumatization type on isolated chronic sphenoid sinusitis fungi and polyps

The sphenoid sinuses SS are two pneumatized structures contained in the body of the sphenoid bone.[1] The SS are the most deeply situated paranasal sinuses surrounded by critical structures including the carotid arteries, dura mater, and cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI .[2] Various anatomical studies have shown a wide variation in sinus size, orientation, pneumatization, and bone thickness.[3] Isolated sphenoid sinus diseases ISSDs are relatively uncommon among pansinusitis cases, accounting for about 1 to 2% of all sinus pathologies.[4] Many allergic,infectious, and neoplastic pathologies are causes of ISSDs.[2] Due to its isolated location and difficulty in approaching anatomical features, ISSDs are often overlooked.[4] While the most common symptomatic finding is headache, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, nasal obstruction, impaired vision, and neurological deficits may also present with inflammatory or neoplastic SS pathologies.[5,6] Physical examination of sphenoid disease is difficult due to its depth in the skull base and one of every three cases shows normal endoscopic examination.