Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Carvacrol (CARV) on renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Method: 30 male Wistar Albino rats weighing 200-250 gr were divided into random groups. Anesthesia was achieved with 50 mg / kg ketamine and 3 mg/kg xylazine (intraperitoneal). Right nephrectomy was performed to all rats by midline incision after 100 IU/kg heparin (intraperitoneal) application to prevent renal artery thrombosis. Subsequently, the left renal artery was clamped, created ischemia for 60 minutes. Group I(Sham): Left nephrectomy was performed six hours after right nephrectomy. Group II (I/R): Following right nephrectomy, left kidney was left for 60 minutes for ischemia and 6 hours for reperfusion. Group III (I/R+CARV): In addition to the procedure performed in group II, Carvacrol was given 2 times 35 mg/ kg intraperitoneally just before ischemia and reperfusion. After six hours of reperfusion, all rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture with a high volume of blood and left nephrectomy was performed. The parameters of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and tissues were analyzed and histopathological examination was performed to compare the groups. Results: Serum BUN and creatinine levels, which are indicators of kidney function, increased in Group II compared to Group I, which shows that ischemia occurred. (p <0.05). Likewise, it was seen that the increase in IL-6 and TNF-α, which are proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA and TOS levels, which are indicators of oxidative stress, were statistically significant in serum biochemical analysis. However, the decrease in IL-10 which are antiinflammatory cytokine, was also statistically significant (p <0.05). When IR and IR+CARV groups were compared, it was seen that IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα values decreased and statistically significant in the group given (p <0.05). Again, a decrease in MDA, which is a product of lipid peroxidation, was observed (p <0.05). In histochemical measurements, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and TOS values were also increased in the I/R group compared to the sham group and the results were statistically significant (p <0.05). In the same parameters, decrease in I/R+CARV group compared to I/R group was found statistically significant (p <0.05). However, it was found that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly higher in the I/R+CARV group compared to the I/R group (p <0.05). Histopathological examination revealed vacuolization and nucleus losses in kidney tubules due to ischemia in the I/R group. In the I/R+CARV group, it was found that vacuolization disappeared in the tubules. Conclusion: Carvacrol appears to have a positive effect on renal damage induced by renal I/R. in rats. It is thought that the anti-inflammatory properties of the drug may be at the forefront in this effect. However, although it also has positive effects on antioxidant parameters, more comprehensive studies are needed to reveal time and dose dependent effects. Keywords: Kidney, Ischemia, Reperfusion, Carvacrol, Ra